This morning I uploaded a hot fix update (2.17.9) with the workaround. It's already available on Android & Windows, but still in certification for iOS and macOS.
I find it shocking that Microsoft still didn't fix this issue even though the API to download a file from OneDrive worked for over 10 years, is documented in their docs and I expect other apps to be using it as well. I have also already reported this issue to Microsoft yesterday.
The workaround now sends out 3 HTTP requests instead of just one in order to download a file, so sync is a bit slower for the time being.
